Large format cameras are anything that uses 5x4" film or larger. Because the film is so large, you don't have to enlarge it so much These cameras are very flexible and you have full control of your image, however they are quite heavy and bulky and not easy to carry around so are mainly used in a studio environment.
They consist of:
- a metal plate with the lens and shutter
- a standard at the front and the back
- a set of bellows to attach the two (extended for macro and compressed for landscape)
- a frame that holds the focusing screen and allows the sheet film holder to be inserted
Different kinds of films are needed for different light conditions are there is no colour balance setting. Film needs to be loaded individually after each exposure.
When photographing architecture, the image can be distorted by just tilting the camera upwards. However, the front and back standard of the camera can be lowered and raised. instead of tilting it, you would raise the front and lower the back so that the lens and film are still parallel with the building causing no distortion and converging verticals.
The focusing screen is made from glass. The image will appear upside down and can only really be seen properly in the dark (hence the cover that people put over their heads in the olden days!).
To chance from landscape to portrait or vise versa, you don't have to
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